normal flora pdf

For instance an ordinary human has approximately 1013 body cells and 1014 individual normal flora. Cellulase glucosidase galactosidase 3.

Under normal conditions in a healthy human they are harmless and may even be beneficial.

. Beneficial Effects of the Normal Flora. Mesophiles mesophiles are microorganisms with optimum temperature around 20 - 45C minimum temperature of 15 to 20C and maximum is about. A human body contains around 1013 cells.

Such organisms behave as opportunists and may become pathogens. Skin Eyes ieCunjunctiva Nose ie. When the normal flora are displaced from their normal site of the body eg.

The normal flora rarely cause disease in immune competent individuals unless when dislodge from its usual site to another part of the body. Suppression of the normal flora tends to be filled by organisms from the environment or from other parts of the body and such organisms behave as opportunists and may become pathogens. Respiratory tract Mouth ie Human Oral Cavity Ears.

Sterile mouth within 4-12 hours lactobacilli streptococci Neonate Streptococcus salivarius staphylococci Neisseriae Moraxella catarrhalis Teeth appear Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus parasanguis Gingival crevice area Anaerobic species yeasts. MODULE Normal Flora of Human Body Microbiology 80 Notes mechanisms. Mainly Lactobacillus and Enterococcus are found in deuodenum.

Uploaded on Sep 10 2014. Produces other substances such as Indole Skatole butyric acid etc. Helps in steroid metabolism 4.

The human body is home to around 1014bacteria. Such tissue in Human includes skin GI tract urinary tract respiratory tract eyes etc. Also called Commensals organisms that dine together or Microflora.

Psychrophiles - psychrophiles grow well at 0C and have a optimum growth temperature of 15C or lower maximum is around 20C. Internal organs such as blood kidney heart lungs brain etc. Blood brain muscle etc are normally free of microorganisms.

Other factors such as peristalsis saliva lysozyme secretion and secretion of immunoglobulins also play roles in flora control. Normal flora of the Gastrointestinal tract Esophagus Stomach Proximal small intestine Distal part of the small intestine Large intestine colon 18 Normal flora of the Oral cavity Nutrients Epithelial cells Secretions 19 20 Throat or pharynx 21 Esophagus 22 Stomach 23 Intestinal 24. Suppression of the normal flora clearly creates a partial local void that tends to be filled by organisms from the environment or from other parts of the body.

Normal flora of small intestine. 3 Stuff about Normal Flora. Synthesize vitamin B12 and vitamin K 2.

Normal flora are microorganisms bacteria fungi protozoa and viruses mostly bacteria that continuously inhabited the human body Resident Normal Flora. Indigenous floramicroorganisms native or belonging naturally to a region Many bacteria commonly regarded as commensals are in fact beneficial to their host because they make it difficult by their presence and their metabolites for potential pathogens to colonize its surfaces. Normal flora of the gut provides important nutrients such as Vitamin K which aid in digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Bloodstream infections by S. Normal flora - Oral cavity Ecology and developmental stages Birth. Produces various carbohydrate metabolizing enzymesand helps in food digestion.

There are more bacteria living in our bodies. One fourth of fecal weight is made of bacteria. Normaloradescription 197 environmentwhichmaybeinhibitoryforcertainpatho-gensTheproductionofacidsasanendproductof carbohydratemetabolismiscommoninmanyspeciesof.

The main factor determining the composition of the normal flora in a body region is the nature of the local environment which is determined by pH temperature redox potential and oxygen water and nutrient levels. When potential pathogens gain a competitive advantage due to diminished populations of harmless. Normal Microbial Flora Normal Microbial Flora.

This bacterial population constitutes the. Normal flora are found more often than not on the skin eyes nose oral fissure as well as on the throat and lower parts of the urethra and the large intestine. On the other hand members of the normal flora may themselves produce disease.

Distruption of Normal Flora Trauma - appendix rupture dental extraction auto accidents gun violence Flora displacementcontamination - UTI bacterial vaginosis Excessive antibiotic use - vaginal candidaisis pseudomembranous colitis by Clostridium difficile Distruption of. The internal tissues eg. Definition Normal flora is the mixture of microorganisms bacteria and fungi that are regularly found at any anatomical site of human body like.

The normal flora are extremely abundant in terms of sheer numbers. From duodenum ileum intestine become less acidic and hence number of microorganism increases. Role of Intestinal normal flora.

Examples are Pseudomonas Vibrio Bacillus and Anthrobacter b. Therefore microorganisms in duodenum is similar to that of stomach. The human body which contains about 1013 cells routinely harbors about 1014 bacteria Fig.

Harmful Effect of Normal Flora 1. The normal flora of humans consists of a few fungi but bacteria are the most numerous and obvious microbial components of the normal flora. Normal Flora A diverse microbial flora is associated with the skin and mucous membranes of every human being from shortly after birth until death.

Duodenum is adjacent to stomach and hence it is slightly acidic in nature. The normal flora are bacteria which are found in on our bodies without causing disease. All human tissue which are directly or indirectly exposed to external surrounding have normal flora.

Produces gases such as CH4 and CO2 5.

Normal Human Flora